Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the influencing factors of respiratory virus infection in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）, and to analyze the expression of microRNA-206（miR-206） in peripheral blood mononuclear cells（PBMCs）. METHODS A total of 104 patients with acute exacerbation of COPD admitted to Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from Jan 2018 to Dec 2020 were enrolled. The sputum samples from patients were collected, and 17 kinds of respiratory viruses in the samples were detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）. The influencing factors of respiratory virus infection of patients with respiratory virus infection were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. The receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curves was used to evaluate the value of miR-206 expression in the evaluation of respiratory virus infection in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD. RESULTS Among the 104 patients with acute exacerbation of COPD, 33 cases were positive for respiratory virus, accounting for 31.73%. A total of 42 strains of virus were detected, with Rhinovirus infection being the main virus, accounting for 26.19%, followed by influenza virus B, accounting for 21.43%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes, the number of acute exacerbations ≥3 times in the past year, and the level of miR-206 expression were all the influencing factors for respiratory virus infection in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD. ROC curves analysis showed that the cut-off value in assessing respiratory virus infection in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD was 0.085, and the AUC was 0.881（95%CI 0.803-0.937）, with the sensitivity of 96.7% and specificity of 80.28%, respectively. CONCLUSION The diabetes mellitus, times of acute exacerbation in the past year and miR-206 level were all independent influencing factors of respiratory virus infection in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD, and the expression of miR-206 had a good predictive value for for respiratory viral infection.