Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the inflammatory factors in sepsis patients caused by different bacterial infections. METHODS A total of 152 patients with sepsis who were hospitalized and treated in Xiangyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from Oct 2017 to Oct 2020 were selected as the research subjects, and 50 healthy subjects who had no symptoms of fever and infection during the same period were selected as the control group. The distribution of infectious pathogens in patients with sepsis was analyzed, the peripheral blood of healthy people on the day of the physical examination and patients with sepsis before antibacterial treatment were collected, the counts of white blood cells（WBC）, lymphocytes（LYM）, neutrophils（NE）, eosinophils（EOS）, and basophils（BAS）, and the levels of inflammatory factors procalcitonin（PCT）, C-reactive protein（CRP）, interleukine-6（IL-6）, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）, nuclear factor κB（NF-κB） and Toll-like receptor 4（TLR-4） were detected. RESULTS According to different bacterial infections, 152 patients with sepsis were divided into 81（53%） cases of Gram-negative bacteria infection and 71（47%）cases of Gram-positive bacteria infection. The APACHEII scores of the Gram-positive bacteria group was（21.16±5.72）, significantly higher than that of Gram-negative bacteria group（15.72±5.50）（P＜0.05）. The WBC, LYM, NE, EOS, and BAS index levels of the infection group were significantly higher than those of the control group（P＜0.05）, and the WBC, LYM, EOS, and BAS of the Gram-negative bacteria group were significantly higher than those of the Gram-positive bacteria group, while the NE was significantly lower than that of the Gram-positive bacteria group（P＜0.05）. The levels of PCT, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, NF-κB, and TLR4 in the infection group were significantly higher than those in the healthy physical examination group（P＜0.05）. The levels of PCT, CRP, TNF-α, NF-κB, and TLR4 factors of patients in the Gram-negative bacteria infection group were significantly higher than those in the Gram-positive bacteria infection group, and IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly lower than those in the gram-positive bacteria infection group（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSION Inflammatory cells and inflammatory factors in sepsis caused by Gram-negative bacteria infection were significantly higher than those of Gram-positive bacteria. The high expression of PCT, CRP, TNF-α, NF-κB and TLR4 stimulated the release of related inflammatory factors and caused severe pathological damage, which was more likely to cause patients become severe or shock.