Abstract: OBJECTIVE To analyze the risk factors of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in hemodialysis patients, and the construction of its prediction model. METHODS A total of 180 patients with central venous indwelling catheters who underwent hemodialysis in Wuhan First Hospital from Jan. 2019 to Jan. 2021 were selected as the study subjects, and were divided into infection group (n=20) and non-infection group (n=160) according to the presence or absence of CRBSI. Pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance of CRBSI were analyzed, and general data of the two groups were collected. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of CRBSI in hemodialysis patients, a prediction model of infection was established, and its predictive performance was assessed with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS Among the 180 hemodialysis patients, there were 20 patients with CRBSI, with an incidence rate of 11.11%. All patients had symptoms such as intolerance of cold, fever, shivering, anorexia and poor appetite, and body temperature >38 ℃, accompanied by shortness of breath and rapid heart rate. A few patients had redness, swelling, pain and secretion exudation at catheter site. A total of 34 pathogen strains were isolated from the 20 patients with CRBSI, of which 17 strains of Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 50.00%, 14 strains of Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 41.48%, and 3 strains of fungi accounted for 8.82%, mainly Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The resistance rates of main Gram-positive bacteria to penicillin and ampicillin were relatively high (>70%), and the resistance rates of main Gram-negative bacteria to ampicillin and amoxicillin were relatively high (>58%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that catheter indwelling time and decreased ALB were risk factors for the occurrence of CRBSI in hemodialysis patients (P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) of ROC curve indicator Prob were 83.30%, 65.00% and 0.821, respectively, indicating that the model was of high predictive value (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Catheter indwelling time and ALB were risk factors of CRBSI complication in hemodialysis patients. The prediction model constructed based on these factors was helpful for screening the high-risk group of hemodialysis complicating of CRBSI.