Abstract: OBJECTIVE To analyze the influencing factors of hip infection in the elderly and the predictive value of human nuclear factor-κB receptor activator ligand (RANKL), dual-specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) and microRNA-205 (miR-205) on its prognosis. METHODS Totally 103 patients underwent hip joint or hip joint lesions treatment who were hospitalized in Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University from Feb. 2019 to Feb. 2022 were selected, including 53 patients with hip joint infection, and the remaining 50 patients were uninfected patients.Fifty patients who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group for this study.Double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect RANKL and inflammatory indexes, and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to determine the relative expression of DUSP5 and miR-205.Logistic regression analysis was used to summarize the influencing factors of hip joint infection in the elderly, and the receiver operating curve (ROC) was used to analyze the predictive value of RANKL, DUSP5, and miR-205 in predicting the occurrence of hip infection. RESULTS Compared with the uninfected group, the expressions of RANKL, DUSP5, and miR-205 in the infected group were increased.Logistic regression analysis showed that the expressions of RANKL, DUSP5, miR-205, CRp, IL-6 and PCT were the influencing factors of hip joint infection in the elderly patients (P＜0.05).The area under the curve (AUC) of of RANKL, DUSP5, and miR-205 for predicting hip infection in elderly patients were 0.917, 0.870, and 0.853, respectively. CONCLUSION The levels of RANKL, DUSP5, and miR-205 in patients with hip joint infection were significantly increased, and high levels of RANKL, DUSP5, and miR-205 had certain predictive value for hip joint infection in elderly patients.