Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the etiological characteristics and risk factors for urinary tract infection in the chronic renal failure patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). METHODS A total of 2 097 patients with chronic renal failure who underwent MHD in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from Jan 2021 to Jan 2022 were recruited as the research subjects. The etiological characteristics of urinary tract infection were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for the risk factors for the urinary tract infection in the chronic renal failure patients undergoing MHD. RESULTS Among the 2 097 chronic renal failure patients undergoing MHD, 306 had urinary tract infection, with the infection rate 14.59%. Totally 384 strains of pathogens were isolated, 140 (36.46%) of which were gram-positive bacteria, 227 (59.11%) were gram-negative bacteria, and 17 (4.43%) were fungi. The result of drug susceptibility testing showed that the drug resistance rates of the major species of gram-positive bacteria to penicillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were more than 50%, while the strains were sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin. The drug resistance rates of the major species of gram-negative bacteria to ampicillin, piperacillin, amoxicillin and sulfamethorazde-trimethoprim were more than 50%, while the strains were sensitive to tigecycline, imipenem and meropenem. The result of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the more than 60 years of age, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, chronic pyelonephritis, serum albumin no more than 35 g/L, more than 1 year of dialysis and urinary tract intubation were the independent risk factors for the urinary tract infection in the chronic renal failure patients undergoing MHD. CONCLUSION The more than 60 years of age, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, chronic pyelonephritis, serum albumin no more than 35 g/L, more than 1 year of dialysis and urinary tract intubation are the high risk factors for the urinary tract infection in the chronic heart failure patients undergoing MHD. It is necessary for the hospital to carry out the risk stratification based on the high risk factors so as to facilitate the early identification and offer corresponding treatment measures.