Abstract: OBJECTIVE To analyze the distribution of pathogens isolated from the primary liver cancer patients with nosocomial infection after transhepatic arterial chemotherapy and embolization (TACE) and establish the prediction model based on the influencing factors. METHODS The clinical data were retrospectively collected from 746 primary liver cancer patients who were treated with TACE in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanyang Medical College from Jan 2020 to May 2022. The patients were divided into the infection group with 57 cases and the no infection group with 689 cases according to the status of postoperative nosocomial infection. The distribution of pathogens and influencing factors were analyzed, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for the influencing factors for the postoperative nosocomial infection, the prediction model was established, and the predictive value of the model was analyzed by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS A total of 68 strains of pathogens were isolated from the 57 primary liver cancer patients with nosocomial infection after TACE; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the predominant species of pathogens. The levels of serum procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) of the infection group were higher than those of the no infection group (P＜0.05). The result of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that complication with diabetes mellitus, ascites, intraoperative blood loss volume no less than 500 ml, length of hospital stay more than 20 days and time of antibiotic treatment no less than 7 days were the independent risk factors for the postoperative nosocomial infection in the primary liver cancer patients undergoing TACE (P＜0.05). The prediction model was established based on the influencing factors. The result of ROC curve analysis indicated that when Logit(P) was more than 11.96, the area under curve (AUC) was 0.832. CONCLUSION E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus are dominant among the pathogens isolated from the primary liver cancer patients with nosocomial infection after TACE. The infection may lead to the rise of inflammatory factors. The risk factors include the complication with diabetes mellitus, ascites, intraoperative blood loss volume no less than 500 ml, length of hospital stay more than 20 days and time of use of antibiotics no less than 7 days. The model has high predictive value.