Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the etiological characteristics of urinary tract infection in the patients with urinary calculi and establish the model based on risk factors. METHODS A total of 150 patients with urinary calculi who were treated in Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Jan 2018 to Dec 2021 were enrolled in the study and were divided into the infection group with 32 cases and the no infection group with 118 cases according to the status of urinary tract infection. The clinical data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. The etiological characteristics of the urinary tract infection were observed, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for the risk factors for the urinary tract infection, and the regression equation was established. RESULTS Among the 150 patients with urinary calculi, 32 were complicated with urinary tract infection, with the incidence rate 21.33%. The gram-negative bacteria were dominant among the pathogens causing the infection, and Escherichia coli was the predominant species. The result of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hydronephrosis, urinary obstruction and upper urinary tract calculi were the risk factors for the urinary tract infection in the patients with urinary calculi(OR=2.408, 1.496, 2.782,all P＜0.05); the regression equation model that was established based on the screened risk factors was as follows: Logit(P)=-3.198+hydronephrosis×0.879+urinary obstruction ×0.978+location of calculi×1.023. CONCLUSION The patients with urinary calculi are at high risk of the urinary tract infection. The gram-negative bacteria are dominant among the pathogens isolated from urine specimens. It is necessary for the hospital to carry out the targeted antibiotic therapy. Hydronephrosis, urinary obstruction and upper urinary tract calculi are the risk factors for the urinary tract infection. The logistic regression model is effective and has favorable imitative effect.