Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among the breast cancer patients and analyze the association with expressions of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), glucose transporters-1(Glut-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). METHODS Totally 120 patients with primary breast cancer who received surgical procedures in the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from Jan 2020 to Mar 2023 were randomly recruited as the research subjects. The breast cancer tissue specimens were collected from 110 patients, para-cancerous tissue specimens were collected from 80 cases, and normal breast tissue specimens were collected from 80 cases. The expressions of HIF-1α, Glut-1 and VEGF in the three types of tissues were detected by using immumohistochemical staining SP method, the incidence rates of HPV infection in the three types of tissues were detected by means of in situ hybridization (ISH). The positive expression rates of HIF-1α, Glut-1 and VEGF proteins in the breast cancer tissues, para-cancerous tissues and normal breast tissues were observed and compared between the patients with HPV infection and the patients without HPV infection. RESULTS The incidence rate of HPV infection was 56.36% in the breast cancer tissues, 17.50% in the para-cancerous tissues, 1.25% in the normal breast tissues. The positive expression rates of HIF-1α, Glut-1 and VEGF were higher in the breast cancer tissues than in the para-cancerous tissues and the normal breast tissues (P<0.05); the positive expression rates of HIF-1α, Glut-1 and VEGF were higher in the para-cancerous tissues than in the normal breast tissues (P<0.05). The positive rates of expressions of HIF-1α, Glut-1 and VEGF in breast cancer tissues, para-cancerous tissues and normal breast tissues were higher in the patients with HPV infection than in the patients without HPV infection (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The expression levels of HIF-1α, Glut-1 and VEGF are higher in the breast cancer tissues than in the para-cancerous tissues and the normal breast tissues, indicating that the breast cancer tissues may be infected with HPV, which inhibits the emergence and release of the related inflammatory pathway signaling factors such as HIF-1α, Glut-1 and VEGF; the HIF-1α, Glut-1 and VEGF may be involved in the occurrence and development of breast cancer.