Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors for postoperative infectious endophthalmitis in cataract patients and analyze the diagnostic values of serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1), high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and CD64 indexes. METHODS The clinical data were retrospectively collected from 420 cataract patients who received surgical procedures in Shaoxing Central Hospital from De 2020 to Dec 2022. The enrolled patients were divided into the infectious endophthalmitis group with 30 cases and the no infectious endophthalmitis group with 390 cases according to the postoperative status. The species of pathogens were statistically analyzed, the risk factors were analyzed, the levels of serum sTREM-1, HMGB1 and CD64 indexes were compared between the two groups, and the values of the three indexes in diagnosis of the postoperative infectious endophthalmitis were analyzed. RESULTS Among the 420 cataract patients, 30 (7.14%) were complicated with postoperative infectious endophthalmitis. Totally 34 strains of pathogens were isolated, 31 (91.18%) of which were gram-positive bacteria. The old age, diabetes mellitus and operation duration (no less than 15 min) were the risk factors for the postoperative infectious endophthalmitis in the cataract patients (P<0.05). The levels of sTREM-1, HMGB1 and CD64 indexes of the infectious endophthalmitis group were higher than those of the no infectious endophthalmitis (P<0.05). The area under curve (AUC) of the joint detection of the three indexes was higher than that of the single detection in diagnosis of postoperative infectious endophthalmitis (P<0.05); the sensitivity and specificity were 96.67% and 82.31%, respectively. CONCLUSION The incidence of postoperative infectious endophthalmitis is high among the patients with cataract. The gram-positive bacteria are dominant. The old age, diabetes mellitus and operation duration (no less than 15 min) are the risk factors for the postoperative infectious endophthalmitis. The cataract patients with postoperative infectious endophthalmitis show the rise of sTREM-1, HMGB1 and CD64 indexes. The joint detection of the three indexes has high diagnostic value.