Abstract: OBJECTIVE To analyze the current status of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, risk factors and the predictive value of microrna (miR) -146a and miR-149-3p in women who voluntarily went to hospital in Laiwu area. METHODS A total of 1 200 women who underwent cervical cancer screening in the outpatient department of Jinan Second Maternal and Child Health Hospital from Jan 2020 to Nov 2022 were included retrospectively. They were divided into the infected group (268 cases) and the non-infected group (932 cases), and the data of women were collected by questionnaire. The current status and genotype distribution of HPV infection in women were analyzed, the risk factors of HPV infection in women who voluntarily went to the hospital in Laiwu area were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of miR-146a and miR-149-3p levels individual and combined in HPV infection. RESULTS The cases of HPV infection occurred among 1 200 voluntary women was 268, and the infection rate was 22.33%. Among them, HPV monoinfection accounted for 66.79%, and multiple infection accounted for 33.21%. In HPV monoinfection, the most common subtypes were HPV16, HPV18 and HPV31. Age ≤30 years old, age of first sexual intercourse ≤23 years old, spouse's smoking history, cervical and vaginal inflammation, non-condom contraception, high miR-146a level, low miR-149-3p level, high levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were the high risk factors for HPV infection (P＜0.05). ROC curve showed that the AUC value of serum miR-146a and miR-149-3p levels alone for HPV infection was lower than that of combined detection (P＜0.05), and the sensitivity and specificity of combined detection were 82.46% and 86.05%, respectively, indicating high diagnostic value. CONCLUSION The infection rate of HPV was higher among women in Laiwu area, and the most common subtypes were HPV16, HPV18 and HPV31. There are many high risk factors for HPV infection, and the combined detection of miR-146a and miR-149-3p levels for diagnosis has high predictive value.