Abstract: Human metapneumovirus, a single stranded negative RNA virus with an envelope, belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae, subfamily Pneumoviruses, and genus Polypneumovirus. It often causes infections among the population of all age groups, most of the population manifest as mild self-limiting diseases, which may progress to severe pneumonia, multiple organ failure and even lead to death among the immunocompromised population. The respiratory tract and contact were the major transmission routes, nucleic acid test was the major diagnostic mean. There are no specific antiviral drugs, and supportive treatment is dominant. There has not been vaccine available yet.