Abstract: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a significant type of hospital-associated infection, with varying incidence rates across different regions and surgical procedures. SSI not only increases the burden on the healthcare system but also poses serious threats to patient safety and quality of life. China has established a multi-level and multi-dimensional management framework, including laws, industry standards and guidelines, to regulate prevention and control behaviors through various documents such as the "Measures for the Management of Hospital-associated Infection" and the "Technical Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Surgical Site Infection". In recent years, with the development of international and domestic cooperation, the formulation of professional guidelines and consensuses and the implementation of evidence-based research, China has achieved certain results in SSI prevention and control. However, problems such as differences in awareness and implementation across regions, inadequate data sharing and integration and lack of long-term follow-up still exist. In the future, it is necessary to create an AI-assisted personalized prevention and control model, establish an interdisciplinary collaborative prevention and control system and promote the implementation of administrative management and professionalization to continuously optimize the SSI prevention and control system and improve medical quality and patient safety.