Abstract: Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), which belongs to the orthopoxvirus genus along with the smallpox virus. In Jul. 2022 and Aug. 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared monkeypox outbreaks "public health emergencies of international concern" twice. The virus primarily spreads through close contact, which can be transmitted from infected animals to humans and among humans. Pregnant women are susceptible to MPXV, and the virus can be transmitted vertically to the fetus through the placenta, with trophoblastic cells in the placenta considered to be the targets for MPXV replication. MPVX infection during pregnancy may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage, premature birth and fetal death, and the clinical treatment outcomes are closely associated with the subtype of the virus. The diagnosis of monkeypox mainly relies on MPXV DNA test. To prevent monkeypox, women who are at the childbearing age should complete the vaccination before the pregnancy and avoid contacting with the patients with monkeypox or the animals that may carry MPXV.