Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated neurotropic and neuroinvasive properties. SARS-CoV-2-infection-associated encephalitis is defined as encephalitis occurring within 6 weeks after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recognizing SARS-CoV-2-infection-associated encephalitis remains clinically challenging in the absence of clear etiological evidence, and SARS-CoV-2-infection-associated encephalitis also has unique pathophysiological mechanisms. This article reviews the clinical symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid characteristics, electroencephalogram, imaging manifestations, treatment and prognosis of patients with SARS-CoV-2-infection-associated encephalitis, as well as the advances in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2-induced encephalitis, in order to improve the recognition of SARS-CoV-2-infection-associated encephalitis and facilitate timely and effective treatment.