Abstract: Catheter Related Blood Stream Infection (CRBSI) has become one of the most common complications in hemodialysis patients. It has been found that after cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, infections are the second leading cause of death in patients with end-stage renal disease. Age ≥65 years, comorbid diabetes mellitus, serum albumin (ALB) < 35 g/L, and duration of catheter ≥7 days were identified as independent risk factors for CRBSI in hemodialysis patients. Based on these findings, risk prediction models and monitoring tools have been developed for early identification, which is crucial for clinicians to provide appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures in time, and for hemodialysis patients not only to help reduce the mortality rate due to CRBSI, but also to reduce their disease burden. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive understanding and review of the risk factors, etiology and their risk prediction related to CRBSI in domestic and foreign researches.