Abstract: OBJECTIVE Hospital-acquired infections have emerged as an increasingly prominent and hard-to-completely-avoid problem, with their complexity and challenges continuing to intensify. As a major public health concern, these hospital-acquired infections pose a serious threat to the safety of individuals within hospitals. Among the various routes of transmission, airborne transmission is one of the most important pathways leading to hospital-acquired infections. A variety pathogenic viruses can attach to infectious respiratory particles produced by human body and spread through these particles. Patients in hospitals, as the primary group releasing respiratory infectious particles, have behaviors (such as breathing, coughing, talking, etc.) that are closely related to the transmission, dissemination and spread of pathogenic microorganisms. It is generally believed that pathogens released into the air by patients will propagate and spread with air currents, thereby elevating the risk of infection. In order to comprehensively safeguard the safety of healthcare workers and patients, and effectively curb the occurrence of hospital-acquired infections, it is essential to investigate the impact of pathogen-releasing behaviors on the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms. This paper aims to review the research progress on the impact of pathogen-releasing behaviors of patients on the transmission of respiratory pathogenic microorganisms within healthcare buildings, as well as to provide an outlook for further research directions.