OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the neonatal intensive care unit of a three-A children′s hospital in Henan Province, and to provide reference for ational drug use in clinical practice.

METHODS Clinical specimens from hospitalized newborns in neonatal intensive care unit from a three-A children′s hospital from Jan. 1, 2019 to Dec. 31, 2023 were subjected to etiological examination and drug sensitivity test, and to analyze the distribution and drug resistance of multidrug-resistant bacteria in hospitalized newborns.

RESULTS During the 5-year period, 1139 strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria were isolated, including 229 gram-positive bacteria (20.11%) and 910 gram-negative bacteria (79.89%). There were 92 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (accounting for 8.08%), 57 strains (accounting for 5.00%) of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis and 28 strains (accounting for 2.46%) of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative human Staphylococcus. 370 strains (accounting for 32.48) of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), 268 strains (accounting for 23.53%) of extenspectrum β -lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and 85 strains (accounting for 7.46%) of K. pneumoniae, there were 767 sputum specimens (67.34%), 160 blood specimens from peripheral intravenous puncture and central venous catheterization (PICC) (14.05%), 63 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens (5.53%), 29 secretion specimens (eye and wound secretions) (2.54%), and 120 other specimens (10.54%). K. pneumoniae and E. coli producing super-broad spectrum β-lactamase, CRKP and MRSA were the main drug-resistant bacteria.

CONCLUSION The situation of drug resistance in neonatal intensive care unit is serious, therefore monitoring bacterial resistance should be strengthened according to the clinical laboratory results, and antibiotics should be applied rationally.