2015-2022年乐山市新诊断HIV/AIDS晚发现病例临床及流行病学特征

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of newly identified late-diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases in Leshan City from 2015 to 2022

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的  分析2015-2022年乐山市新诊断艾滋病病毒(HIV)/获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)晚发现病例临床及其流行病学特征。
    方法  从艾滋病综合防治信息系统导出2015-2022年乐山市新诊断的HIV/AIDS病例资料。记录新诊断及晚发现人员基本信息。从疾控中心筛选病例，整理分析数据，归纳晚发现病例的临床特征。
    结果  2015-2022年乐山市新诊断HIV/AIDS共1 532例，男性占比77.22%，高于女性；20~29岁占比最高(31.79%)，已婚人士占50.20%，农民/工人/民工职业人员新诊断比例最高(51.89%)，多为汉族(94.97%)，户籍地为本地(84.92%)，文化程度初中及以下796例，占51.96%，样本来源中重点人群占比55.03%，异性感染最多(75.66%)。2015-2022年晚发现HIV/AIDS病例共475例，占比31.00%，呈下降趋势(χ 趋势2=10.611，P=0.001)。不同确诊时间、不同性别、年龄、婚姻情况、职业、民族、户籍地、文化程度、月均收入、样本来源、感染途径、性病史患者在晚发现方面差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。
    结论  2015-2022年间乐山市HIV/AIDS晚发现呈下降趋势，晚发现病例与人口学特征显著相关，提示需加强重点人群(尤其是中老年、低文化及异性传播群体)的主动筛查和健康教育，完善医疗机构HIV早期检测机制，以降低HIV/AIDS晚发现率。

     

    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE  To analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of late-diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases newly identified in Leshan City from 2015 to 2022.
    METHODS  Data on newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases in Leshan City from 2015 to 2022 were extracted from the Comprehensive AIDS Prevention and Control Information System. Basic information of newly identified and late-diagnosed individuals was recorded. Cases were screened from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and data were collated and analyzed to summarize the clinical characteristics of late-diagnosed cases.
    RESULTS  From 2015 to 2022, a total of 1 532 HIV/AIDS cases were newly diagnosed in Leshan City. Males accounted for 77.22%, higher than females. The highest proportion was in the 20-29 age group (31.79%), with married individuals constituting 50.20%. Farmers/workers/migrant workers accounted for the highest proportion among newly diagnosed cases (51.89%). Most cases were of Han ethnic group (94.97%), with local registered residence (84.92%). Among them, 796 (51.96%) had a junior high school education or below. Key populations accounted for 55.03% of sample sources, and heterosexual transmission was the most common route (75.66%). During this period, 475 cases (31.00%) were late-diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, showing a declining trend over the years (χ trend2=10.611, P=0.001). Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in late-diagnosed cases across different diagnosis periods, genders, ages, marital statuses, occupations, ethnicities, registered residences, education levels, monthly incomes, sample sources, transmission routes and histories of sexually transmitted diseases.
    CONCLUSIONS  From 2015 to 2022, the late diagnosis rate of HIV/AIDS cases in Leshan City shows a declining trend. Late-diagnosed cases are significantly associated with demographic characteristics, highlighting the need to strengthen active screening and health education for key populations (especially middle-aged and elderly individuals, those with low education levels and heterosexual transmission groups). Improving early HIV testing mechanisms in medical institutions is essential to reduce the late diagnosis rate of HIV/AIDS.

     

    • HTML全文
    • 参考文献(23)
    • 相关文章
    • 施引文献
  • 资源附件(0)

/

返回文章
返回
下载中心