OBJECTIVE To analyze the pathogenic characteristics and clinical features of patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) and summarize the risk factors for poor prognosis.

METHODS The clinical data of 89 patients diagnosed with IPA based on microbial identification of Aspergillus from sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cultures and diagnostic criteria, who were admitted to Zhongda Hospital Southeast University from Aug. 2022 to Jul. 2024 and were queried by electronic case system, were analyzed retrospectively. The distribution of Aspergillus pathogens and clinical features of patients with IPA were analyzed, and the risk factors for poor prognosis were summarized.

RESULTS A total of 107 Aspergillus strains were isolated from 89 cases, including 55 strains of Aspergillus fumigatus (51.40%), 30 strains of Aspergillus flavus (28.04%) and 10 strains of Aspergillus niger (9.34%). There were 63 male patients (70.79%), and 34 cases had poor prognosis. Baseline peripheral blood lymphocyte count (< 0.645×10⁹) (OR=6.653, 95%CI: 2.013-21.990, P=0.002) and ICU admission (OR=8.303, 95%CI: 1.283-53.741, P=0.026) were identified as risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with IPA. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the cut-off point for baseline peripheral blood lymphocyte count in predicting prognosis in patients with IPA was 0.645×10⁹/L, with a sensitivity of 85.22% and a specificity of 69.67%.

CONCLUSIONS Baseline peripheral blood lymphocyte count and ICU admission are risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with IPA. The alert value for baseline peripheral blood lymphocyte count is 0.645×10⁹/L, which has good predictive value for the occurrence of poor prognosis.