四川某医院2019-2024年儿童流感的流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of children with influenzas in a hospital of Sichuan Province from 2019 to 2024

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探讨四川某医院2019-2024年儿童甲型与乙型流行性感冒的流行病学特征，为流感防控提供依据。
    方法 选取2019年1月-2024年12月在四川锦欣西囡妇女儿童医院儿科进行甲型与乙型流感病毒抗原检测的43 348例呼吸道感染患儿为研究对象，采用胶体金法检测抗原，分析流感的流行强度、季节规律及年龄性别差异。
    结果 在流行性感冒患儿中抗原总阳性率为24.19%，其中甲型流感病毒抗原(甲型)阳性率为21.64%，乙型流感病毒抗原(乙型)阳性率为2.56%。甲型和乙型阳性率在不同年份间差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。甲型在婴幼儿、学龄前儿童和学龄儿童的阳性率分别为16.13%、25.66%和24.55%，乙型分别为1.42%、2.64%和3.95%，甲型和乙型阳性率在不同年龄间差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。甲型在男女患儿中阳性率分别为22.22%、21.00%，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)，乙型分别为2.60%、2.51%，无统计学差异。甲型在春、夏、秋和冬季的阳性率分别为27.66%、11.94%、13.10%和21.98%，乙型分别为1.21%、0.09%、1.62%和5.53%，甲、乙型阳性率在季节间差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。
    结论 甲型流感病毒抗原总体阳性率高于乙型，甲型与乙型流感的易感人群有差异，甲型流感的高发季节为冬季和春季，乙型流感的高发季节为冬季。

     

    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE To explore the epidemiological characteristics of the children with influenza A and influenza B in a hospital of Sichuan Province from 2019 to 2024 so as to provide bases for prevention and control of influenzas.
    METHODS A total of 43, 348 children with respiratory tract infections who underwent antigen tests for influenza A and influenza B viruses in pediatrics departments of Sichuan JinxinXinan Women and Children Hospital from Jan. 2019 to Dec. 2024 were recruited as the research subjects. The antigens were detected with colloidal gold method. The differences in prevalence intensity, seasons, age and genders were observed and compared between the children with influenza A and those with influenza B.
    RESULTS The total positive rate of antigens was 24.19% among the children with influenzas, the positive rate of influenza A (A) virus antigen was 21.64%, and the positive rate of influenza B (B) virus antigen was 2.56%. There was significant difference in the positive rate of virus antigen between the influenza A and the influenza B among different years(P < 0.05). The positive rate of A virus antigen was 16.13% among infants, 25.66% among preschool children, 24.55% among school-age children; the positive rate of B virus antigen was 1.42% among infants, 2.64% among preschool children, 3.95% among school-age children; there were significant differences in the positive rates of antigens of A and B viruses among the different age groups (P < 0.05). The positive rate of A virus antigen was 22.22% among the male infants, 21.00% among the female infants, and there was significant difference (P < 0.05); the positive rate of B virus antigen was 2.60% among the male infants, 2.51% among the female infants, and there was no significant difference. The positive rate of A virus antigen was 27.66% in spring, 11.94% in summer, 13.10% in autumn, 21.98% in winter; the positive rate of B virus antigen was 1.21% in spring, 0.09% in summer, 1.62% in autumn, 5.53% in winter; there were significant differences in the positive rates of antigens of A and B viruses among the seasons(P < 0.05).
    CONCLUSIONS The total positive rate of influenza A virus antigen is higher than that of the influenza B virus antigen. There is difference in the susceptible population between the influenza A and the influenza B; the influenza A is highly prevalent in winter and spring, and the influenza B is highly prevalent in winter.

     

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