老年艾滋病合并机会性感染患者衰弱现状及危险因素

Analysis of frailty status and risk factors in elderly patients with AIDS and opportunistic infection

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 调查老年艾滋病合并机会性感染患者衰弱现状, 分析其危险因素。
    方法 采用方便抽样法调查2024年5月-2025年4月广州市老年艾滋病合并机会性感染患者210例, 运用一般情况调查表、衰弱问卷式评分表、营养风险筛查量表、阿森斯失眠量表, 结合客观生物学指标, 调查衰弱发生率, 采用logistic回归分析归纳老年艾滋病合并机会性感染患者衰弱的危险因素。
    结果 210例老年艾滋病合并机会性感染患者中衰弱40例(19.05%), 其中＜60岁20例(15.62%), ≥60岁20例(24.39%)。年龄大(OR=1.111, 95%CI：1.033~1.194, P=0.004)、体质量指数(BMI)≥24.0 kg/m2(OR=4.329, 95%CI：1.008~18.1585, P=0.049)、血红蛋白(OR=1.037, 95%CI：1.009~1.065, P=0.009)及CD4+T淋巴细胞计数＜200(OR=10.792, 95%CI：1.358~85.765, P=0.024)是衰弱的危险因素, 规律运动(OR=0.108, 95%CI：0.032~0.362, P＜0.001)是保护因素。
    结论 老年艾滋病合并机会性感染患者衰弱发生早、发生率高, 且影响因素多, 加强早期干预、增加营养、鼓励参加规律运动, 可减少衰弱的发生。

     

    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE To investigate the frailty status of elderly patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and opportunistic infection, and to analyze the associated risk factors.
    METHODS A convenience sampling method was used to survey 210 elderly patients with AIDS and opportunistic infection in Guangzhou from May 2024 to Apr. 2025. General information questionnaires, FRAIL scale, Nutritional Risk Screening 2002, Athens Insomnia Scale and objective biological indicators were utilized to investigate the incidence of frailty. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the risk factors for frailty in elderly patients with AIDS and opportunistic infection.
    RESULTS Among the 210 elderly patients with AIDS and opportunistic infection, 40 (19.05%) were frail, including 20 (15.62%) patients aged ＜60 years and 20 (24.39%) ≥60 years. Advanced age (OR=1.111, 95%CI: 1.033-1.194, P=0.004), body mass index(BMI) ≥24.0 kg/m2 (OR=4.329, 95%CI: 1.008-18.1585, P=0.049), hemoglobin level (OR=1.037, 95%CI: 1.009-1.065, P=0.009) and CD4+ T lymphocyte count < 200 (OR=10.792, 95%CI: 1.358-85.765, P=0.024) were identified as risk factors for frailty. Regular exercise (OR=0.108, 95%CI: 0.032-0.362, P < 0.001) was found to be a protective factor.
    CONCLUSIONS Elderly patients with AIDS and opportunistic infection experience early onset and high incidence of frailty, influenced by multiple factors. Early intervention, enhanced nutrition and engaging in regular exercise can reduce the occurrence of frailty.

     

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