OBJECTIVE To analyze the current research status and development trends in the field of biosecurity both domestically and internationally, and to provide references for biosecurity-related research and evaluation.

METHODS Using CiteSpace software, bibliometrics was employed to collect thematic research on biosecurity published in the Science Citation Index database from 2004 to 2024. Research trends, keyword clustering and emergence research were investigated, with visual analysis conducted on the number of publications, contributing countries and keywords.

RESULTS A total of 13 108 articles were included in this study. Research on biosecurity both domestically and internationally was in a phase of rapid growth, with related fields exhibiting an "exponential" growth trend. China ranked first in terms of the number of publications (35.62%), followed by the United States (19.33%) and Australia (10.38%). Analysis of keyword clustering revealed 20 clusters, including risk assessment, antibacterial drug resistance, green synthesis, gene therapy, one health, drug delivery, invasive species, bovines, emergency animal diseases and highly pathogenic avian influenza. Regarding antibacterial drug resistance, the focus was primarily on the transmission mechanisms of drug-resistant pathogens in poultry farming, while exploring novel antibacterial technologies such as biomaterials and probiotic alternatives to address the challenge of drug-resistant bacteria. In terms of strategies, research was primarily conducted on the development, application and safety of agricultural biotechnology and genetically modified crops. Keywords burst analysis indicated that different research topics had certain temporal research popularity, with carbon nanotubes, Anopheles stephensi, coronaviruses and one health being recent emerging themes.

CONCLUSIONS China achieves certain progress in the field of biosecurity research, and conducts certain exploratory research on prevention, diagnosis, treatment and intervention of biosecurity. Biosecurity risk assessment, as a research hotspot, deserves close attention.