Abstract: This review focuses on the close association between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and surgical site infection (SSI), deeply analyzing the influencing mechanisms of body metabolism status reflected by HbA1c on occurrence and progression of SSI and comprehensively elaborating the critical role of preoperative assessment, intraoperative and postoperative management strategies based on the monitoring of HbA1c on prevention and control of SSI, with the aim to provide the comprehensive and in-depth theoretical bases and operation guidelines for clinical practice.