OBJECTIVE To understand the surveillance data regarding to prevalence of hospital-associated infections (HAIs) in a three-A children′s specialized hospital of Henan Province and analyze the change trends so as to provide bases for developing precise prevention strategies and optimizing the allocation of infection control resources.

METHODS The data involving the case information, case-time infection rates, infection sites, distribution of departments and pathogens were collected from the children who were hospitalized in Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from 2020 to 2024. The statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 25.0 software.

RESULTS A total of 460, 516 children who were hospitalized for treatment from 2020 to 2024, 3700 of whom had hospital-associated infections, with the incidence of HAIs 0.80%; totally 3907 case-times of children had HAIs, with the case-time infection rate 0.85%. The departments ranking the top 5 incidence rates of HAIs were as follows: hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ward, ward 2 of hemooncology department, ward 1 of hemooncology department, ward of rehabilitation center, neonatal surgery department. The lower respiratory tract was the major infection site, accounting for 41.13%. The children who had respiratory system infections accounted for 65.29%. The gram-negative bacteria were dominant among the pathogens causing the HAIs, accounting for 48.15%; the percentage of viruses showed an upward trend.

CONCLUSIONS The incidence of HAIs shows fluctuating downward trend. It is necessary to further strengthen the refined management and take targeted infection prevention and control measures for the departments at high risk of HAIs and the high-risk links so as to continuously improve the medical quality and safety.