Abstract: Currently, the main anti-influenza virus drugs include neuraminidase inhibitors, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase-targeting anti-influenza virus drugs and matrix protein 2 ion channel inhibitors. These drugs effectively suppress viral replication and transmission through distinct mechanisms, alleviating symptoms and shortening the disease course. However, viral variability and drug resistance remain challenges to the efficacy and application of anti-influenza virus drugs. Therefore, the development of novel anti-influenza virus drugs and the optimization of existing drugs remain key focuses for future research. This paper reviews the current progress of research on anti-influenza virus drugs, discusses the mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy and challenges of different drugs, and provides insights into future research directions.