Abstract: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, posing a major challenge to global public health and remaining a leading cause of death in intensive care units(ICUs). In its pathological process, interleukin-6(IL-6), as a key pro-inflammatory cytokine, increases dramatically after the infection, drives the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS), and promotes the onset of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) by amplifying inflammation and inducing microcirculatory disturbances and metabolic dysregulation, which affects multiple systems including neurological, respiratory and circulatory systems. The recent advances in the role and mechanisms of IL-6 in sepsis-induced organ damages were summarized in the review so as to provide theoretical bases and innovative directions for building a precise treatment framework and guiding the clinical practice.