2019－2024年江西省瑞金市34 745例女性HPV感染流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of HPV infection among 34 745 female patients from 2019 to 2024, Ruijin, Jiangxi Province

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 分析2019－2024年34 745例女性人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染流行病学特征，为宫颈癌防治、疫苗接种和开发提供参考。
    方法 回顾性分析2019年1月1日－2024年12月31日于瑞金市妇幼保健院妇科自愿行HPV分型检测的34 745例女性患者，按年龄分为＜30岁、30～39岁、＞39～49岁、＞49～59岁、＞59岁共5个组。HPV-DNA采用实时定量聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测型别，分析不同年龄、不同时间HPV感染情况及亚型分布。
    结果 HPV阳性8 872例，感染率为25.53%。感染率随着年龄的增长而增加（P＜0.05），＞59岁组感染率最高（42.45%）。高危型HPV感染率为22.43%，低危型HPV感染率为3.11%。以单一感染为主（69.43%），多重感染以二重感染为主（67.81%）。各年龄段HPV感染率、高危型HPV感染率、单一感染率、多重感染率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。HPV亚型排名前五位的型别分别为HPV52、58、53、16、39，阳性率分别为6.84%、3.70%、3.00%、2.95%、2.18%，均为高危型HPV。＜30岁组前五位亚型为HPV52、16、58、53、39（51），其余各组前四位亚型均为HPV52、58、53、16，第五位稍有不同。2019－2024年间，HPV感染率（26.60%、31.03%、25.56%、20.69%、23.83%、29.28%）、高危型HPV感染率（22.92%、27.31%、22.59%、17.89%、20.64%、26.60%）、单一感染率（18.04%、21.05%、18.00%、14.70%、16.66%、20.14%）、多重感染率在2020年最高，2022年最低。年龄与HPV感染呈正相关（OR=1.021，95%CI：1.018～1.023，P＜0.001）。
    结论 本地女性人群HPV感染率为25.53%，且随着年龄的增加而增长，＞59岁人群感染率最高。前5种HPV亚型为HPV52、58、53、16、39。在进行HPV疫苗接种时，建议优先考虑接种九价疫苗。

     

    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE  To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among 34 745 female patients from 2019 to 2024, providing references for cervical cancer prevention, vaccination strategies and vaccine development.
    METHODS  A retrospective analysis was conducted on 34 745 female patients who voluntarily underwent HPV genotyping tests at the Department of Gynecology, Ruijin Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital from Jan. 1, 2019 to Dec. 31, 2024. Participants were stratified into five age groups: ＜30, 30–39, ＞39–49, ＞49–59 and ＞59 years. HPV-DNA subtypes were detected with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and infection status and subtype distributions across different age groups and time periods were analyzed.
    RESULTS  A total of 8 872 cases were HPV-positive, with an infection rate of 25.53%. The infection rate increased with age (P＜0.01), peaking in the ＞59-year-old group (42.45%). The high-risk HPV infection rate was 22.43%, while the low-risk HPV infection rate was 3.11%. Single infection predominated (69.43%), and among multiple infection, dual infections were the most common (67.81%). Significant differences were observed across age groups in HPV infection rates, high-risk HPV infection rates, single infection rates and multiple infection rates (P＜0.05). The top five HPV subtypes were HPV52, 58, 53, 16 and 39 with positive rates of 6.84%, 3.70%, 3.00%, 2.95% and 2.18%, respectively all were high-risk types. In the ＜30-year-old group, the top five subtypes were HPV52, 16, 58, 53 and 39 (51), while other age groups shared HPV52, 58, 53 and 16 as the top four with minor variations in the fifth. From 2019 to 2024, HPV infection rates (26.60%, 31.03%, 25.56%, 20.69%, 23.83%, 29.28%), high-risk HPV infection rates (22.92%, 27.31%, 22.59%, 17.89%, 20.64%, 26.60%), single infection rates (18.04%, 21.05%, 18.00%, 14.70%, 16.66%, 20.14%) and multiple infection rates peaked in 2020 and reached their lowest in 2022. Multivariate logistic analysis identified that age was positively correlated with HPV infection (OR=1.021, 95%CI: 1.018−1.023, P＜0.001).
    CONCLUSIONS The HPV infection rate in the local female population is 25.53%, increasing with age and highest among those ＞59 years old. The top five HPV subtypes are HPV52, 58, 53, 16 and 39. For HPV vaccination, the 9-valent vaccine is recommended as the priority.

     

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