Abstract: As potential vectors for hospital-associated infection transmission, medical textiles require effective disinfection and sterilization. Conventional disinfection or sterilization methods, despite their widespread use, face limitations in energy consumption, environmental friendliness and textile preservation, and fail to meet current developmental demands. In recent years, emerging antibacterial nanomaterial technology has demonstrated unique advantages in this field. This paper reviews its applications in disinfection and sterilization of medical textiles, covering mechanisms of action, material types, technical challenges and modification strategies. Future research trends are expected to provide theoretical insights for advancing disinfection and sterilization techniques for medical textiles and establishing a refined hospital-associated infection prevention and control system.