Abstract: Cryptococcal meningitis is one of the most common opportunistic infections of the central nervous system among AIDS patients. With the popularization of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the overall incidence of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis has declined, but it still poses a serious threat in areas with limited medical resources and people living with advanced AIDS. A systematic elaboration was conducted on the etiology and epidemiology, pathogenesis and immunology, clinical features, clinical diagnosis, drug treatment strategies and drug resistance and prognosis of the AIDS complicated with cryptococcal infection so as to improve the cognitive level of the disease and achieve early identification and timely intervention.