Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the association of serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), urinary kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) with the severity of acute kidney injury of the Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis children with EB virus infection. METHODS A total of 63 Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis children with EB virus infection who were treated in The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from Jan. 2024 to Oct. 2024 were assigned as the infection group, meanwhile, 87 children with simple Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis who were treated in the hospital were assigned as the no infection group. The levels of serum NT-proBNP, urine KIM-1 and NGAL were observed and compared among the children with different viral loads of EB virus and among the children with different stages of acute kidney injury. The values of serum NT-proBNP, urine KIM-1 and NGAL in prediction of EB virus infection in the children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis were assessed by means of ROC curves. RESULTS The levels of sCr, 24-hour urine protein quantitation, serum NT-proBNP, urine KIM-1 and NGAL of the infection group were higher than those of the no infection group (P＜0.05). In the infection group, the levels of sCr, 24-hour urine protein quantitation, serum NT-proBNP, urine KIM-1 and NGAL were lower in the patients with low viral load of EBV than in the children with medium viral load than in the patients with high viral load(P＜0.05); the levels of serum NT-proBNP, urine KIM-1 and NGAL of the Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis children with EB virus infection were lower in the children with stage 1 of acute kidney injury than in the children with stage 2 than in the children with stage 3 (P＜0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of the joint detection of serum NT-proBNP, urine KIM-1 and NGAL was 0.885 in prediction of EB virus infection in the children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis, higher than that of the single detection of the three indicators. CONCLUSIONS The levels of serum NT-proBNP, urine KIM-1 and NGAL are remarkably elevated in the Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis children with EBV infection and are closely associated with the stage of acute kidney injury. The three indicators have high values in prediction of EBV infection in the children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis.