Abstract: Anaerobic bacteria are difficult to be isolated and cultured from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) due to the growth and metabolisms characteristics of themselves. It is generally accepted that the intracranial infections caused by the anaerobic bacteria-such as meningitis and brain abscesses-are relatively rare in clinical practice and typically carry a poor prognosis. In recent years, advances in detection technologies have enabled an increasing number of reported cases of anaerobic intracranial infections; however, patients who were complicated with intracranial infections of multiple anaerobic bacteria remained exceedingly rare in clinical practice. A patient with bacterial meningitis who was confirmed with intracranial infections of multipole anaerobic bacteria predominated by P. endodontalis through metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) was reviewed in the article, the patient was improved with the illness condition and discharged from the hospital without any sequela after comprehensive symptomatic treatment. The process of diagnosis and treatment of the patient was retrospectively analyzed in the article, and the related literatures were reviewed so as to provide bases for diagnosis and treatment of the clinical intracranial infections with anaerobic bacteria.