Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the epidemiological characteristics of patients who were initially diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHODS Totally 286 patients who were initially diagnosed with HIV infection and AIDS in Shaowu Municipal Hospital from Apr. 2015 to Dec. 2024 were recruited as the research subjects. The epidemiological data of the patients were analyzed. RESULTS The number of cases tested for HIV infection/AIDS increased from 18 cases in 2015 to 305 cases in 2024, the number of positive cases reported increased from 8 cases in 2015 to 69 cases in 2024, and totally 286 cases were accumulatively reported during the ten years. Among the 286 patients, the male patients were dominant, the patients with 60 to 70 years of age accounted for 30.07%, the patients who have married accounted for 63.99%; the patients with the education level of junior high school or below were dominant, and the patients with occupations of farmer/fisherman were dominant. The heterosexual contact was the major transmission route of the infection, accounting for 69.23%. The patient identification modes included healthcare settings, testing and consultation, testing for HIV-positive spouse/steady sexual partners, special investigation, and physical examination for the detained, and the healthcare settings were dominant, accounting for 61.19%. CONCLUSIONS The patients who are male, married, junior high school or below, or farmers/fisherman are dominant among the patients with HIV infection/AIDS in this area in the recent ten years. The homosexual contact is the major transmission route of the infection. It is necessary to strengthen the antibody testing and take targeted comprehensive intervention measures.