Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the association of serum tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A (TL1A) and early growth response protein 3 (EGR3) with airway inflammation and lung function indicators of the patients with bronchial asthma (BA). METHODS A total of 152 patients with BA87 cases in clinical recovery stage (the CR group) and 65 cases in acute exacerbation stage (the AE group) who were treated in Wuhan Third Hospital from Mar. 2022 to May 2024 were recruited as the research subjects, and 152 people were assigned as the healthy control group. The TL1A, EGR3, airway inflammation indicatorsC-reactive protein (CRP), eosinophils (EOS), forced expiratory nitric oxide (FeNO), urine leukotrienes E4 (LTE4)and lung function indicatorsforced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced vital capacity (FVC), percentage of FEV1 to predictive value (FEV1% pred)were observed and compared among the three groups, and the associations were analyzed. RESULTS There were significant differences in serum TL1A (0.81±0.23, 1.64±0.45, 2.23±0.67)ng/ml and EGR3(1.52±0.43, 2.26±0.64, 3.51±1.02)ng/ml among the healthy control group, the CR group and the AE group(P＜0.05), and the levels of the above indictors were higher in the AE group(P＜0.05). The levels of TL1A and EGR3 were positively correlated with the airway inflammation indicators(r=0.512 to 0.614,P＜0.001) but were negatively correlated with the pulmonary function indicators(r=-0.513 to 0.618,P＜0.001). CONCLUSIONS The expressions of serum TL1A and EGR3 are upregulated in the BA patients, which are positively correlated with the airway inflammation but are negatively correlated with the lung function.