Abstract: We summarized 1 case of neonate with necrotizing pneumonia (NP), integrating a literature review to outline the causes, clinical manifestations, imaging features, diagnosis, treatment and diagnosis and prognosis of such cases so as to facilitate the early clinical identification and reduce the misdiagnosis, missed diagnosis and adverse outcomes. The case was a 26-day-old full-term female infant who was admitted to the hospital with facial swelling and fever and was initially diagnosed with neonatal sepsis. The case was confirmed with multiple lung abscesses by chest computed tomography (CT); Staphylococcus aureus was detected by both peripheral blood culture and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). The case was cured after courses of anti-infection therapies and symptomatic treatments. The chest CT was reexamined at the age of 5 months and demonstrated that the foci were completely absorbed. The domestic and foreign databases that were searched for showed that the full-term neonates were dominant among the neonates with NP. S. aureus was the predominant species of pathogen. Fever, polypnea and cough were the major initial clinical manifestations, most of the cases needed mechanical ventilation, some cases needed surgical procedures, and the mortality rate of the premature infants was high. NP is clinically rare among the neonates, and the clinical manifestations are not specific. The early chest CT, blood culture and mNGS are crucial to the diagnosis, the standardized drug therapy may achieve favorable prognosis, and most of the neonates can be completely cured.