Abstract: Pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) has emerged as a significant cause of death and a substantial source of medical burden in the field of critical care and hospital-associated infection. Bacterial resistance has increasingly limited the choice of antimicrobial agents. Bacteriophages, as natural viruses that lyse bacteria and are distinct from traditional antimicrobial drug targets, have shown a resurgence in respiratory infections in recent years. This article reviews the multiple lines of evidence for bacteriophage therapy in MDRO pneumonia, encompassing preclinical studies (in vitro experiments, animal models) and clinical evidence (case reports, compassionate use, retrospective cohorts and clinical trials), aiming to provide a reference for treating MDRO pneumonia with bacteriophage therapy.