Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the structure of microbial flora, species composition and drug resistance of isolates and preliminarily observe the relationship between imbalance of flora and state of secondary wound infections so as to provide bases for prevention and control of the wound infections. METHODS A total of 18 patients with open wound and 2 patients with open wound who were respectively treated in the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province and Wuding County People' s Hospital from Jul. 2024 to Dec. 2024 were prospectively enrolled in the study and were divided into the infection group with 4 cases and the non-infection group with 16 cases according to the status of postoperative wound infections. The microbial flora were identified by high-throughput sequencing, and the antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out. RESULTS The high-throughput sequencing indicated that the wound species abundance of the infection group was lower than that of the non-infection group (P＜ 0.05), Serratia (40.10%) and Stenotrophomonas (17.57%) were the predominant genera. The result of culture showed that only 3 strains of bacteria (2 strains of Serratia marcescens and 1 strain of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) were isolated from the infection group; 27 strains of bacteria (12 genera) were isolated from the non-infection group, with Staphylococcus epidermidis (5 strains) the dominant species. Totally 9 strains of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) were identified among the 30 strains of bacteria, 1 of which was from the infection group (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia), and 8 were from the non-infection group (mainly Staphylococcus). CONCLUSIONS This study preliminarily observes that open traumatic wounds of the infection group may exhibit the trends of decreased species abundance and relative enrichment of specific multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogens. Reduced microbial diversity and colonization with opportunistic pathogens may be associated with the wound infection status, but larger-scale, multicenter, and longitudinal studies are still required for further validation.