Abstract: OBJECTIVE To analyze the changes in the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), chemokine 10 (CXCL10) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) in patients with herpes zoster virus infection and their diagnostic value. METHODS A total of 113 patients with herpes zoster virus infection admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University from Apr.2020 to Apr.2021 were selected as the study group, and 80 healthy people who underwent physical examination in the hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.The expression of NF-κB, CXCL10 and LC3B were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and their diagnostic value for herpes zoster virus infection was analyzed. RESULTS The number score (NRS), visual analogue scale (VAS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) of the study group were higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05), while the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) of the study group were lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05).Compared with the control group, the expression of NF-κB and CXCL10 in the study group was higher than that in the control group, and the expression of LC3B in the study group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the elevated expression of NF-κB, CXCL10 and TNF-α, and the decreased expression of LC3B, FSH, LH, E2 were correlated with herpes formis virus infection (P＜0.05).The area under the curve (AUC) of NF-κB, CXCL10, LC3B and the combination of the three indicators for the prediction of herpes zoster virus infection were 0.850, 0.825, 0.816 and 0.937, respectively. CONCLUSION Elevated expression of NF-κB and CXCL10, and reduced expression of LC3B in sera of patients with herpes zoster virus infection had a high predictive value for herpes zoster virus infection.