Abstract: OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk factors of multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA) infection in China, and provide the scientific reference for control of clinical MDRPA infection. METHODS Such databases as CBM, CNKI, WANFANG, VIP and PubMed were searched for the case-control studies from the database establishment to Jun. 2015 about the risk factors of MDRPA infection. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, selection, assessment and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers independently and then meta-analyses were performed by using the RevMan5.0 software. RESULTS Six studies were included, including 345 patients with MDRPA infection and 851 patients with antibiotic-sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ASPA) infection. The results of the meta-analyses showed that the ratios of MDRPA patients were significantly higher than ASPA patients in the following factors: previous treatment in ICU/RCU, bronchiectasis/COPD, co-infection with other pathogens, remained gastric tube, tracheotomy/trachea intubation, mechanical ventilation, previous use of third-generation cephalosporins, forth-generation cephalosporins, quinolones, carbapenems, combination therapy of two/three or two/three kinds of antibiotics. The ratio of the patients with previous use of only one or two kinds of JP3antibiotics in MDRPA group was significantly lower than in ASPA group. In drug resistant analyses of MDRPA, the most frequently resistant drugs were gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSION MDRPA infection was related with multiple factors, and physicians should pay attention to the risk factors and use the antibiotics rationally to avoid MDRPA infection.JP