OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of Chai Yin Granules combined with oseltamivir on treatment of the children with influenza virus infection and observe the impact on microribonucleic acid (miR)-223/ nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) axis.

METHODS A total of 104 children with influenza virus infection who were treated in Jinan Second Maternal and Child Health Hospital from Jan. 2023 to Jan. 2024 were enrolled in the study and were randomly divided into the study group with 52 cases and the control group with 52 cases. The study group was given Chai Yin Granules on basis of the treatment of the control group, the control group was given basic anti-infection therapy plus oseltamivir phosphate granules, and both groups were treated for 5 consecutive days. The clinical curative effect was compared between the two group; the time of improvement of clinical symptoms, arterial blood gases (ABG) indexes, inflammatory indexes and miR-223/NLRP3 axis indexes before the treatment and after the treatment for 5 days as well as the incidence of adverse reactions during the treatment period were observed and compared between the two groups of children.

RESULTS The total effective rate of the study group was 92.31% after the treatment for 5 days, higher than 76.92% of the control group(χ²=4.727, P=0.030). The duration of virus turning to be negative, disappearance of sore throat, disappearance of cough and fever abatement was shorter in the study group than in the control group(P < 0.05). The arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂), pH, PaO₂/oxygen concentration(FiO₂) and miR-223 level of the two groups of children were higher after the treatment for 5 days than before the treatment; the above indexes of the study group were higher than those of the control group(P < 0.05). The partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO₂), NLRP3 and inflammatory indexes levels were lower after the treatment for 5 days than before the treatment (P < 0.05), and the levels of above indexes of the study group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups.

CONCLUSION Chai Yin Granules combined with oseltamivir can effectively improve the ABG indexes and clinical symptoms of the children with influenza virus infection and relieve the inflammatory reactions by regulating the activity of miR-223/NLRP3 axis so as to improve the illness condition of the children with influenza virus infection and boost the clinical curative effect, with the safety favorable.