Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the expressions of Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B p65 (TLR4/NF-κB p65) signaling pathways, apoptosis-related factor ligand (FasL) and cysteine protease-3 (Caspase-3) in peripheral blood of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with postoperative urinary tract infection. METHODS A total of 75 patients with BPH who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in Suizhou Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine from Jan 2019 to Dec 2020 were recruited as the research subjects and were divided into the infection group with 15 cases and the no infection group with 60 cases according to the status of postoperative urinary tract infection. The midstream urine specimens were collected from the patients by sterile method, pathogens were isolated and identified. Logistic regression analysis was performed for influencing factors for the postoperative urinary tract infection in the BPH patients. The expression levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), procalcitonin(PCT), TLR4/NF-κB p65, interleukin-6(IL-6), FasL and Caspase-3 were compared between the infection group and the no infection group. RESULTS Totally 27 strains of pathogens were isolated from the 15 patients with urinary tract infection, among which Escherichia coli was dominant. Logistic regression analysis showed that postoperative urinary catheter indwelling time no less than 5 days was the risk factor for the postoperative urinary tract infection in the BPH patients(P＜0.05). The levels of immune inflammatory factors WBC, IL-6, TNF-α, CRP and PCT of the infection group were higher than those of the no infection group (P＜0.05). The expression levels of TLR4, NF-κB p65 and Caspase-3 proteins of the infection group were higher than those of the no infection group, and the relative expression level of FasL protein of the infection group was lower than that of the no infection group(P＜0.05). CONLCLUSIONS The postoperative urinary tract infection may leads to the abnormal expressions of TLR4/NF-κB p65 signaling pathways, FasL and Caspase-3 in the BPH patients.