Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the characteristics and influencing factors for nosocomial infection in hemodialysis patients with central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). METHODS A total of 428 patients who received long-term hemodialysis in Hemodialysis Center, the Fifth Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University were retrospectively analyzed, the blood specimens were collected from the patients who had suspected clinical symptoms of infection, the isolated pathogens were identified, the drug susceptibility testing was performed, and univariate analysis and multivariate logistic analysis were carried out. RESULTS The incidence rate of CRBSI was 11.45% among the hemodialysis patients. The gram-positive bacteria were dominant among the pathogens causing the infection, accounting for 61.29% (38 strains),which showed certain resistance to the commonly used antibiotics. Among the main gram-positive bacteria, 31 strains were resistant to penicillin, and 16 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to clindamycin. Among the gram-negative bacteria, 4 strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were resistant to piperacillin. The univariate analysis and multivariate analysis showed that the age, complication with diabetes mellitus, catheter indwelling time, femoral venous intubation, dialysis time and albumin were the influencing factors for the infection (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The hemodialysis patients with CRBSI must be treated based on the result of drug susceptibility testing, meanwhile, it is of great significance to take targeted prevention measures according to the influencing factors so as to improve the prognosis and reduce the incidence of bloodstream infection.