Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of maternal past delivery on neonatal lower respiratory tract infections, so as to reduce the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections in newborns.METHODS Totally 296 maternal patients admitted to Wuhan Women and Children’s Medical and Health Care Center from Jan. 2018 to Dec. 2018 were selected as the research subjects and divided into two groups based on whether the newborns occurred lower respiratory infections. Totally 109 neonatal lower respiratory tract infections occurred in the study group, and 187 neonatal lower respiratory tract infections did not occcurred in the control group. The maternal age, body mass index, gestational week, and previous delivery status were compared between the two groups of women, and the influencing factors of neonatal lower respiratory tract infection were summarized. The pathogenic bacteria were detected and identified, and the types of pathogenic bacteria were analyzed.RESULTS In the study group, there were 31 cases（28.44%） of natural labouring, 78 cases（71.56%） of the cesarean section, 24 cases（22.02%） of the first delivery, 38 cases（34.86%）of the second delivery, and 47 cases（43.12%） of the second delivery, which were significantly different from the control group（P＜0.05）. The number of cesarean section and childbirths were the influencing factors of lower respiratory tract infection（P＜0.05）. A total of 117 pathogenic bacteria were detected in 109 infected newborns, of which 75 Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 64.10%, mainly by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae; 36 Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 30.77%, mainly by Staphylococcus aureus,and 6 fungi accounted for 5.13%.CONCLUSION Maternal previous delivery status is closely related to the occurrence of neonatal lower respiratory tract infections. Increasing the number of cesarean sections and delivery increases the risk of neonatal lower respiratory tract infections, which should be taken seriously in clinical practice.