Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the influence of compound incubation on postoperative surgical site infection, inflammatory factors and shiver during recovery period in elderly patients so as to provide guidance for prevention of postoperative surgical site infection and hypothermia in the elderly patients. METHODS A total of 120 elderly patients who underwent abdominal surgery in the hospital from Jun 2017 to Dec 2017 were recruited as the study objects and randomly divided into the control group and the study group, with 60 cases in each group.The control group was given intraoperative conventional heat preservation, and the study group was treated with intraoperative compound insulation measures.Rectal temperature was measured at anaesthesia, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min during the surgery as well as 30 min after the surgery; the levels of inflammatory factors procalcitonin, C-reactive protein(CRP) and white blood cells were determined before the surgery and after the surgery for 24 and 48 hours; the incidence of shiver during recovery period and postoperative surgical site infection was observed. RESULTS There was significant difference in the body temperature between the two groups of patients at different time points during the perioperative period(P＜0.05), the perioperative body temperature changed more significantly in the study group than in the control group(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in PCT, CRP and WBC between the two groups at different time points during the perioperative period(P＜0.05).The levels of PCT, CRP and WBC of the control group were significantly higher than those of the study group after the surgery for 24 and 48 hours(P＜0.05).The incidence rate of shiver during recovery period of the control group was 15.00%, significantly higher than 3.33% of the study group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative surgical site infection between the two groups. CONCLUSION The intraoperative compound insulation may facilitate the maintenance of stable body temperature, reduce the incidence of postoperative shiver during recovery period, and alleviate the perioperative inflammatory reactions, but it does not have significant impact on the postoperative surgical site infection.