Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the change of peripheral blood NOD-like receptor protein 3（NLRP3）, nuclear effector protein 4（Nuclear effector protein 4, NLRC4） and the downstream cytokines in peripheral blood of patients with urinary tract infections caused by urinary tract pathogenic Escherichia coli. METHODS Total of 50 patients with UPEC urinary tract infection who underwent surgery in Xingtai People's Hospital from Sep 2018 to Dec 2019 were recruited as the research group, and 50 healthy people who was under physical examination in the hospital during the same period were in the control group. After the operation, the mid-section urine was collected for pathogen culture, and be used to detect the characteristics of UPEC resistance. Real-time Quantitive Polymerase Chain Reaction（RT-PCR） was used to detect the relative mRNA expression of NLRP3 and NLRC4, and the results were calculated by using the 2^-ΔΔct method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect serum interferon-γ（Interferon-γ, IFN-γ）, interleukin-6（Interleukin-6, IL-6）, interleukin Interleukin-8（IL-8） and Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1（MCP-1） levels. RESULTS The drug resistance rates of 50 UPEC strains to levofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin tromethamine, amoxicillin/potassium clavulanate and nitrofurantoin were 44.00%, 16.00%, 2.00%, 12.00% and 40.00%, respectively. The mRNA levels of NLRP3, NLRC4 and serum IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 levels in the research group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P＜0.05）; the mRNA levels of NLRP3, NLRC4 and serum IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-6 levels in the recurrent attacks group were significantly higher than that in the non-recurrent group（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSION NLRP3 and NLRC4 participating in the pyrolysis process may affect the process of UPEC-induced urinary tract infection, and have a certain impact on recurrent infection, but have nothing to do with the emergence of drug resistance.