Abstract: OBJECTIVE To analyze the correlation between vaginal microecology, highrisk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical lesions so as to seek for new target for treatment of cervical lesions. METHODS A total of 108 patients with cervical lesions who were treated in the hospital from Feb 2014 to Feb 2016 were enrolled in the study and assigned as the experimental group, meanwhile, 100 healthy people who received physical examination were chosen as the control group. The vaginal microecological balance status examination, vaginal micro flora examination and screening of highrisk HPV infection were carried out for the study objects. The vaginal microecological imbalance rate, isolation rates of vaginal flora, positive rate of HPV and subspecies of HPV were observed and compared between the two groups of participants. The correlation between the vaginal microecological imbalance, positive HPV and cervical lesions was observed. RESULTS The rate of vaginal microecological imbalance and positive rate of HPV of the experimental group were respectively 60.19%(65/108) and 82.41%(89/108), significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The isolation rates of vaginal lactobacillus, clue cells and Candida were respectively 53.70%(58/108), 38.89%(42/108) and 34.26%(37/108) in the experimental group,significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), there were no significant differences in the isolation rates of other flora between the two groups. The isolation rates of HPV16 and HPV18 of the experimental group were respectively 45.37%(49/108) and 26.85%(29/108), significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The vaginal microecological imbalance and positive HPV were positively correlated with the cervical lesions. CONCLUSION The cervical lesions are highly correlated with the vaginal microecological imbalance and HPV infection. It is necessary to focus on the vaginal microecological status and HPV infection of the patients with cervical lesions so as provide guidance for the clinical treatment.