Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in central venous catheter (CVC) hemodialysis patients and analyze the related factors, so as to provide guidance for prevention and control of nosocomial infections. METHODS A total of 146 patients who received the CVC hemodialysis from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2016 were recruited as the study objects. The incidence of CRBSI, clinical data, blood indexes and distribution and drug resistance of pathogens isolated from blood specimens were observed and compared. RESULTS Totally 61 cases of patients had CRBSI, with the infection rate of 41.8%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that complication with diabetes mellitus, NE no less than 70%, sCr no less than 750μmol/L, RBC less than 3× 10¹²/L, Alb less than 35 g/L and Hb less than 90 g/L were independent risk factors for CRBSI in CVC hemodialysis patients (P<0.05). Totally 67 strains of pathogens were isolated, of which 40 strains (59.70%) were gram-positive bacteria, 25 strains (37.31%) were gram-negative bacteria, and 2 strains (2.99%) were fungi. The gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to penicillin G, and the gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to ceftriaxone. CONCLUSION The distribution and drug resistance of the pathogens and the related risk factors show certain characteristics in the CVC hemodialysis patients complicated with CRBSI. It is necessary for clinicians to carry out accurate identification, take effective interventions and use sensitive antibiotics for treatment of the infections, so as to reduce the incidence of CRBSI in the hemodialysis patients.