Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes and significance of systemic inflammatory response and oxidative stress indexes in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. METHODS Totally 174 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection admitted to the first people’s Hospital of Zunyi from September 2018 to September 2019 were divided into wheezing group and non-wheeze group according to whether the symptoms of the children were accompanied by wheezing, with 76 cases of the wheezing group and 98 cases of non-wheeze group. In the wheezing group, 31 cases had moderate to severe wheezing and 45 cases had mild wheezing. The inflammatory response and oxidative stress indicators in the serum of children, included interleukin-6（L-6）, IL-8（IL-8）, tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）, glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX）, superoxide dismutase（SOD）, malondialdehyde（MDA）, and advanced oxidative protein production（AOPP） were detected. RESULTS The heme oxygenase-1 level and blood COHb ratio of the wheezing group were（1865.28±40.62）ng/L and（2.65±0.38）%, respectively, significantly higher than those in the non-wheeze group. The HO-1 level and blood COHb ratio of the severe wheezing patients were（2455.98±35.14）ng/L and（2.80±0.36）%, respectively, significantly higher than those of the mild wheezing patients（P＜0.05）. The blood COHb ratio was positively correlated with the level of heme oxygenase-1（r=0.824, P=0.000）. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, GSH-PX, SOD, MDA and AOPP in the wheezing group were（82.00±21.60）ng/L,（75.30±15.00）pg/ml,（186.00±68.00）pg/ml,（259.60±24.00）μg/ml,（25.40±3.50）μg/ml,（33.50±2.94）μ/L, and（65.20±6.47）μmol/L, respectively, significently higher than those in the non-wheeze group（P＜0.05）. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, GSH-PX, SOD, MDA and AOPP in the severe wheezing patients were（104.00±31.50）ng/L,（96.30±18.00）pg/ml,（198.30±62.00）pg/ml,（153.00±30.60）μg/ml,（14.30±1.90）μg/ml,（42.50±3.04）μ/L, and（73.10±6.60）μmol/L, respectively, significently higher than those in the mild wheezing patients（P＜0.05）. IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were positively correlated with the levels of GSH-PX, SOD, MDA and AOPP（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSION The occurrence and progression of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection were closely related to systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, and relevant indicators could be monitored to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.