Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the outbreak of a suspected carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae（CRKP） infection in intensive care unit（ICU） of neurosurgery department so as to provide guidance for prevention and control of multidrug-resistant organisms infections. METHODS A total of 6 patients with CRKP infection who were treated in ICU of neurosurgery department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from May 2019 to Jun 2019 were enrolled in the study. The epidemiological survey and environmental hygiene monitoring were carried out, and the targeted prevention strategies were taken. RESULTS Totally 6 patients had CRKP nosocomial infection, 5 of whom had overlapping or adjacent length of hospital stay and beds; 6 patients shared the same cleaning staff. The environmental hygiene monitoring showed that the detection rate of CRKP was 3.13%（2/64）, the strains were isolated from ventilators and hands of the cleaning staff. The drug susceptibility rate of the 6 CRKP strains isolated from the patients was basically consistent with that of the 2 CRKP strains isolated from environment. The incident was effectively controlled after the targeted prevention strategies such as the modified procedures of cleaning and disinfection of environment, implementation of hand hygiene, management of personnel, training of control of nosocomial infection and supervision were taken. CONCLUSION The incomplete cleaning and disinfection of environment and poor implementation of hand hygiene of the heath care workers are the leading causes of the outbreak of the suspected CRKP infection in ICU of neurosurgery department. It is the key to identify the causes and take the targeted prevention strategies so as to effectively control the outbreak of nosocomial infection.