Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the trend of change of drug resistance of Escherichia coli and explore the impact of use of antibiotics on the change of drug resistance rate so as to provide theoretical basis for reasonable clinical use of antibiotics. METHODS The trend of change of drug resistance rate of E.coli strains isolated from 2010 to 2014 and the consumption amount of antimicrobial agents were retrospectively investigated, the daily defined doses (DDDs) were calculated, and the correlation between the drug resistance rate and DDDs was analyzed. RESULTS The isolation rate of E.coli was 15.52% in 2010, 15.78% in 2011, 17.66% in 2012, 19.70% in 2013, 20.86% in 2014, showing an upward trend.The E.coli strains isolated from 2010 to 2014 varied in the drug resistance, both DDDs and drug resistance rate to most of antibiotics declined in varying degrees, particularly, the drug resistance rate to multiple antibiotics showed a significant decrease in 2011-2012.The E.coli strains remained susceptible to carbapenems and compound preparation containing β-lactamase inhibitors and tobramycin.The E.coli strains were highly resistant to ceftazidime, levofloxacin, and aztreonam in 2010, and the drug resistance rates gradually decreased to no more than 27.61%.The drug resistance rates to gentamicin, ampicillin, cefazolin, and ceftriaxone showed upward trends, and the drug resistance rates of the E.coli strains to the 4 above antibiotics ranged from 34.84% to 53.75%.The DDDs of ceftazidime, levofloxacin, and gentamicin showed high-positive correlation with the drug resistance rate of the E.coli strains (r>0.800,P＜0.05). CONCLUSION The drug resistance of the E.coli strains is closely associated with the clinical dosage of β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to control the dosage of antibiotics and reasonably use antibiotics so as to delay occurrence and development of the bacterial drug resistance.