Abstract: OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of antiviral therapy combined with glucocorticoids on vision and recurrence rate of the patients with corneal endotheliitis caused by herpes simplex virus（HSV） infection. METHODS A total of 120 patients（120 diseased eyes） with HSV infection-induced corneal endotheliitis who were treated in Yuhang District First People's Hospital from Feb 2017 to Feb 2019 were recruited as the study objects and randomly divided into the study group and the control group, with 60 cases in each group（60 diseased eyes）.The control group was given antiviral therapy, and the study group was given antiviral therapy combined with glucocorticoids.The symptoms, crneal endothelium morphology indexes（cell counts, cell pleomorphism variation rate, corneal thickness）, recovery of vision within 1 year, recurrence rate and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups after the treatment. RESULTS The total effective rate of treatment of the study group was 91.67%, significantly higher than 78.33% of the control group（P＜0.05）.The scores of burning sensation, visual fatigue, sensation of dryness, lacrimal punctum, sore and foreign body sensation of the diseased eyes of the study group were respectively（0.71±0.09） points,（0.48±0.06）points,（0.84±0.09） points,（0.50±0.07） points,（0.43±0.06） points and（0.85±0.09） points after the treatment for 6 months, significantly lower than those of the control group（P＜0.05）.The vision of both groups was significantly improved after the treatment（P＜0.05）, and the visual acuity composition of the study group was significantly better than that of the control group after the treatment（P＜0.05）.The corneal cell counts and corneal thickness of the study group were respectively（2462.47±230.65）cells/mm~2 and（486.12±50.67）μm after the treatment, significantly lower than those of the control group, however, the cell pleomorphism mutation rate of the study group was（45.07±4.63）%, significantly higher than that of the control group（P＜0.05）.The recurrent rate within 1 year was 8.33%（5/60） in the study group after the treatment, 11.67%（7/60） in the control group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups（χ²=0.370,P＞0.05）.The patients had the adverse reactions such as eye itching, prickly sensation, blurred vision and cataract and did not discontinue medication until the symptoms relieved themselves. CONCLUSION The antiviral therapy combined with glucocorticoids can achieve significantly effect on treatment of the HSV infection-induced corneal endotheliitis and promote the recovery of vision and corneal endothelial morphology without the increase of recurrence rate and incidence of adverse reactions, and it is worthy to be promoted in the hospital.